It was after this revolt, that the senate handed power to two consuls, although at first they were called praetors (a title which later should come to be the name of a different office of the republic). The rebellion against Tarquinius failed to achieve final independence for Rome, but it should be the birth of the Roman republic. Meanwhile the King with his family escaped to Caere. Prince Sextus fled to Gabii but was killed. Now Lucius Iunius Brutus took revenge and led the city's nobility in revolt. His inheritence stole and his brother murdered, Brutus was being mocked by a tyrant. There seems little doubt that Brutus' elevation to this position was not meant as a promotion, but a humiliation. Believed somewhat of a harmless fool, he had been ridiculed by Tarquin by being made second in command (Tribunus Celerum). Brutus' older brother had been murdered as part of the plot. Not only had Tarquin abused his power to steal Brutus' inheritence. Brutus was the son of Marcus, whose substantial wealth had been illegaly seized by King Tarquin at his death. He was claimed as an ancestor of the Roman gens Junia, including Decimus Junius Brutus and Marcus Junius Brutus, the most famous of Julius Caesar's assassins. Brutus was a hero of republicanism during the Enlightenment and Neoclassical periods. Related he may have been to the king, but he had no reason to love him. Lucius Junius Brutus was the founder of the Roman Republic and traditionally one of the first consuls in 509 BC. Lead by Lucius Iunius Brutus, they rose in revolt against the king.īrutus was the nephew of King Tarquin by marriage. This rape was too great an offence to be tolerated by the Roman nobles. King Tarquinius' rule was already deeply unpopular with the people. Sextus, the son of king Tarquinius Superbus raped the wife of a nobleman, Tarquinius Collatinus. Publius Valerius Poplicola was appointed consul suffectus in the place of Collatinus, and the elderly Spurius Lucretius in place of Brutus but he died soon after, and Marcus Horatius Pulvillus became consul in his place, the fifth and final consul of the first year of the Republic.510 Bc Rome Witnessed a Revolt Against the Rule of the Etruscan Kingsĥ10 BC Rome witnessed a revolt against the rule of the Etruscan kings. Fearing what might become of him should he refuse the popular demand, Collatinus laid down the consulship and went into exile at Lanuvium.īrutus, who as the king's nephew was even closer to the royal house, was spared the same indignity, as a part of the Junia gens but he fell in battle the same year against the king's forces. Collatinus was dumbstruck when Brutus, his colleague and cousin, called upon him to resign, but resisted until his father-in-law, Lucretius, added his voice to the chorus. Brutus and Collatinus were the first consuls, and set about the defense of the city.Ĭollatinus' ascendency was short-lived although he himself had suffered at the hands of the king, and ushered in the Republic, he soon became the object of revulsion from those who would not abide any of the Tarquins in power at Rome. While the king was away on a campaign, the conspirators barred the gates of Rome and established a republican government, headed by two consuls, so that one man should not be master of Rome. They were supported by Brutus, the king's nephew, and others who had suffered various cruelties at the hands of the king and his sons. Main article: Overthrow of the Roman monarchyĮnraged by his cousin's deed, Collatinus and his father-in-law brought news of the crime before the people. Despite their entreaties and protests of her innocence, Lucretia then plunged a dagger into her breast in expiation of her shame. After his departure, Lucretia sent for her husband and father, and recounted the events to them. Forcing himself upon Lucretia, Sextus threatened to kill her, together with a slave, and tell her husband that he had caught her in the act of adultery with the slave, unless she should accede to his desire. According to legend, while Collatinus was away from home, his cousin, Sextus Tarquinius, son of the king, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, came to his house by night. The surname Collatinus was derived from this town.Ĭollatinus married Lucretia, daughter of Spurius Lucretius Tricipitinus. Through an accident, Arruns had been born into poverty, but when his uncle subdued the Latin town of Collatia, he was placed in command of the Roman garrison there. Collatinus was the son of Arruns Tarquinius, better known as Egerius, a nephew of Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, the fifth King of Rome.
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